Bentonite, a mineral clay with unique properties, is vital in strengthening civil engineering structures. This material is widely used in civil engineering projects such as foundation construction, dams, tunnels, retaining walls, and drainage systems. Thanks to its ability to fill voids, reduce soil permeability, and enhance structural stability, bentonite helps engineers manage challenges related to unstable soils, water seepage, and hydraulic pressure. These characteristics are especially critical in areas …

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